Terpene Alcohols stimulate the immune system, work as a diuretic and a general tonic, and are anti-bacterial as well. They create an uplifting quality and are regarded as non-toxic. Other ketones include camphor, carvone, menthone, methyl nonyl ketone, and pinacamphone.Īlcohols - are commonly recognized for their antiseptic and anti-viral activities. Jasmone (found in jasmine) and fenchone (found in fennel) are both non-toxic. It can be an irritant and upsetting to the central nervous system and may be neuro-toxic. Thujone for example, is one of the most toxic members of the ketone family. They are helpful with such conditions as dry asthma, colds, flu and dry cough and are largely found in oils used for the upper respiratory system, such as hyssop, Clary sage, and sage. Ketones stimulate cell regeneration, promote the formation of tissue, and liquefy mucous. No documented cases exist where oils with a high concentration of ketones (such as mugwort, tansy, sage, and wormwood) have ever caused a toxic effect on a human being. However, all recorded toxic effects come from laboratory testing on guinea pigs and rats. Ketones - are sometimes mucolytic and neuro-toxic when isolated from other constituents. Other aldehydes include benzaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, cuminic aldehyde, and perillaldehyde. Along with citral and neral, citronellas may be found in the oils of melissa, lemongrass, lemon, mandarin, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and citronella.Įlements of aldehydes have also been found in lavender and myrrh. It also has an anti-viral application as with melissa oil when applied topically on herpes simplex.Ĭitronellal is also very common and has the same lemony scent as citral. They can be quite irritating when applied topically, but may have a profound calming effect when inhaled.Ĭitral for example, is very common with a distinctive antiseptic action. In general, they are anti-infectious with a sedative effect on the central nervous system. Other esters include bornyl acetate, eugenol acetate, and lavendulyl acetate.Īldehydes - are highly reactive and characterized by the group C-H-O (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen). Linalyl acetate may be found in bergamot, Clary sage, and lavender Geraniol acetate may be found in sweet marjoram. They are anti-fungal, calming and relaxing. Esters are very common and are found in a large number of essential oils.
Other terpenes include camphene, cadinene, cedrene, dipentene, phellandrene, terpinene, sabinene, and myrcene.Įsters - are the compounds resulting from the reaction of an alcohol with an acid (known as esterification). Pinene has strong antiseptic properties and may be found in high proportions in the conifer oils such as pine, fir, spruce, and juniper. Limonene has strong anti-viral properties and has been found in 90% of the citrus oils. Chamazulene may be found in chamomile, tansy, and yarrow. other sesquiterpenes, like chamazulene and farnesol, are very high in anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity. Much further research has shown that sesquiterpenes have the ability to surpass the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain tissue. Research from the universities of Berlin and Vienna show increased oxygenation around the pineal and pituitary glands. They work as a liver and gland stimulant and contain caryophyllene and valencene.
Sesquiterpenes are antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. Terpenes - inhibit the accumulation of toxins and help discharge existing toxins from the liver and kidneys. Generally speaking, pure essential oils can be subdivided into two distinct groups of chemical constituents the h ydrocarbons which are made up almost exclusively of terpenes ( monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes), and the oxygenated compounds which are mainly esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oxides.
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